Final answer:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social/communication deficits and a spectrum of symptoms, including difficulties with relationships, repetitive behaviors, and sometimes, intellectual disabilities. The DSM-V categorizes ASD symptoms and highlights the varied functionality in individuals. Improved awareness has led to better diagnosis and treatment options for those affected.
Step-by-step explanation:
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by the DSM-V, which includes difficulties in developing and maintaining relationships due to social/communication deficits. It can manifest through impaired social skills such as challenges with eye contact, interpreting social cues, and empathizing with others. ASD is a spectrum, meaning symptoms can range from mild to severe, and can also include repetitive motor behaviors, preoccupations with certain subjects, and rigid adherence to rituals. The prevalence of ASD has increased over time, with current estimates suggesting roughly 1 in 54 children are diagnosed.
Children and adults with ASD may face various forms of social exclusion or misunderstanding due to their symptoms. For instance, those who struggle with verbal communication are often mistakenly judged as unintelligent. However, many individuals with ASD are highly functional, possess good language skills, and do not see themselves as suffering from a disorder but rather as having a unique information processing style. Diagnosis and treatment of ASD have advanced with greater awareness and understanding of the condition.