Final answer:
Complications associated with infective endocarditis that may be indications for surgery include congestive heart failure, dyspnea, myocardial or annular abscess, and recurring systemic emboli.
Step-by-step explanation:
Complications associated with infective endocarditis that may be indications for surgery include congestive heart failure, dyspnea, myocardial or annular abscess, and recurring systemic emboli. Infective endocarditis is an infection of the endocardium, the tissue layer that lines the heart's muscles and valves. It can be caused by various bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, viridans streptococci, and Enterococcus faecalis. The infection can rapidly destroy the heart valves, leading to complications such as congestive heart failure, dyspnea, myocardial or annular abscess, and recurring systemic emboli.