Final answer:
Chronic mitral regurgitation leads to left atrial enlargement, left ventricular enlargement, and a left ventricular volume overload pattern, but not to mitral annular calcification. Thus, the correct answer is D. Mitral annular calcification.
Step-by-step explanation:
Chronic mitral regurgitation results in physiological changes in the heart because of the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium when the ventricle contracts. This condition leads to several adaptative responses in the heart; however, not all potential responses are correct in the context of this condition. To answer which of the following is not a result of chronic mitral regurgitation, let's examine each option:
- Left atrial enlargement - This occurs in response to increased volume and pressure from the regurgitant flow.
- Left ventricular enlargement - The left ventricle may dilate and hypertrophy due to increased workload from the excess volume it needs to pump.
- Left ventricular volume overload pattern - The heart compensates for the backflow of blood by changing the pattern of the left ventricular volume load.
- Mitral annular calcification - This is a degenerative process that may lead to mitral regurgitation but is not directly caused by chronic mitral regurgitation.
Therefore, the correct answer to 'Chronic mitral regurgitation results in all the following EXCEPT' is D. Mitral annular calcification.