Final answer:
Recessions can result from low spending, high interest rates, reduced confidence, and shocks. Government action includes fiscal stimulus and reducing interest rates. Post-recession recovery includes increased output and potential price rises.
Step-by-step explanation:
Recessions are caused by various factors including decreased consumer and business spending, high interest rates, reduced confidence, and external shocks. Government action to alleviate a recession might include fiscal stimulus, such as increased government spending or tax cuts, and monetary policy actions like lowering interest rates. After a recession has ended, typically a country's output starts to grow and unemployment rates decrease, leading to a recovery phase where prices may rise as demand increases.