A - The pressure at the surface of the water equals atmospheric pressure (Ps = P0 = 1.01 × 10^5 Pa). B - At the bottom of the container, accounting for water and mercury layers, the total pressure (Pb) is approximately 2.63 × 10^5 Pa.
a) The pressure at the surface of the water is equal to the atmospheric pressure, since there is no fluid above it. Therefore,
Ps = P0 = 1.01 × 10^5 Pa
b) The pressure at the bottom of the container is the sum of the atmospheric pressure, the pressure due to the water layer, and the pressure due to the mercury layer. Therefore,
Pb = P0 + ρwghw + ρmghm
Substitute the given values:
Pb = 1.01 × 10^5 + (1 × 10^3 × 9.81 × 0.4) + (13.6 × 10^3 × 9.81 × 0.1)
Now, calculate the result:
Pb ≈ 2.63 × 10^5 Pa
So, the pressure at the bottom of the container is approximately 2.63 × 10^5 Pa.