Answer:
6) 1. John D. Rockefeller: He was a prominent figure in the oil industry and founded the Standard Oil Company, which became one of the largest and most successful oil companies in the world.
2. Andrew Carnegie: He was a leading figure in the steel industry and built Carnegie Steel Corporation, which became one of the largest steel producers in the United States, known for its innovative methods and efficient production.
3. J.P. Morgan: He was a powerful financier and banker who played a significant role in the development of the American financial system, particularly in the banking and investment industries, and he also played a key role in the formation of General Electric and U.S. Steel.
4. Cornelius Vanderbilt: He was a prominent figure in the railroad industry and amassed a vast fortune through his investments and acquisitions, earning him the nickname "Commodore." He played a major role in expanding and consolidating railroad networks, particularly in the Northeastern United States.
These four individuals, known as the "Big 4," made significant contributions to their respective industries and helped shape the economic landscape of the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
7) Towards the end of the Gilded Age, people started to see several changes:
1. Progressive Reforms: As the negative consequences of industrialization and wealth inequality became more apparent, there was a growing demand for social and political reforms. Progressive movements emerged, advocating for reforms such as workers' rights, women's suffrage, and regulations on big businesses.
2. Labor Movements: The working class began to organize and form labor unions to fight for better working conditions, higher wages, and shorter work hours. Strikes and protests became more common as workers sought to address the issues they faced in the rapidly industrializing society.
3. Anti-Trust Legislation: Concerns about the growing power and influence of monopolies and trusts led to the passage of anti-trust laws aimed at promoting competition and preventing monopolistic practices. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 was one such significant legislation.
4. Political Reforms: Efforts were made to combat corruption and improve government accountability. The Progressive Era saw the implementation of reforms such as direct election of senators (17th Amendment), women's suffrage (19th Amendment), and the establishment of initiatives, referendums, and recall mechanisms at the state level.
5. Social and Cultural Changes: The Gilded Age saw significant changes in society and culture. The rise of urbanization, immigration, and new technologies brought about shifts in social structures, cultural values, and ways of life. It was a period of rapid modernization, urban development, and the emergence of new forms of entertainment and leisure activities.
These changes marked the beginning of a new era in American history, characterized by a greater emphasis on social justice, political reforms, and the recognition of the need for more equitable and inclusive policies and practices.