Final answer:
In physics, A. a cyan filter alters the color of the light that passes through it by absorbing specific wavelengths, transmitting only the cyan light.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question which asks, 'Which of the following alters the color of the light incident on it?' is a question related to Physics, specifically involving the concepts of light and its interactions with different materials. The correct answer to this question is A. When white light passes through a cyan filter. A color filter like the cyan filter works by absorbing certain wavelengths and thereby subtracting those colors from the white light passing through it. This process changes the color of the light because the filter is only transmitting light that is not absorbed, in this case, cyan.
Polarizing filters, referenced in figures and statements provided, influence light's polarization but do not change its color. While scattering and refraction can affect the direction and dispersion of light, they do not introduce a color change in the same way that passing through a cyan filter does.