Positive punishment aims to decrease the likelihood of a behavior by introducing an aversive stimulus.
How to explain
For instance, receiving a parking ticket (aversive stimulus) for illegal parking reduces the probability of parking in the wrong place again. On the other hand, negative reinforcement seeks to increase behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.
An example could be taking painkillers (removal of an aversive stimulus) to alleviate a headache, reinforcing the behavior of taking medication to relieve pain. The key distinction lies in the addition or removal of stimuli in relation to behavior change.
The Complete Question
Based on the Psychological Science studies:
Differentiate between positive punishment and negative reinforcement, providing examples for each.