Final answer:
Nationalism, as an ideology, promoted the idea of each nationality having its own country. The Eastern Question refers to the tensions between nationalism and empire in the eastern sections of empires like the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. The consequences of political and nationalistic revolutions include increased competition between nations, the desire for autonomy and power, pride and unity, as well as conflicts over borders and political control.
Step-by-step explanation:
Nationalism, as an ideology, gained momentum in Europe during the 1800s and 1900s. It promoted the idea of each nationality having its own country. However, this posed a threat to empires that consisted of multiple nationalities, like the Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary. This tension in the eastern sections of these empires was known as the Eastern Question.
Nationalism is the belief that a national group shares a distinct culture and ties with its members. It can be a call for independence or a source of pride, but it can also lead to conflicts and exclusions. In the 19th century, it inspired independence movements in non-Western regions like Vietnam and Algeria.
The consequences of political and nationalistic revolutions include increased competition between nations, the desire for autonomy and power, pride and unity, as well as conflicts over borders and political control.