Final answer:
The Neo-Babylonian and Assyrian empires shared common traits such as terror tactics, hierarchically organized social classes, and common diplomatic practices.
Step-by-step explanation:
Common traits among the Neo-Babylonian and Assyrian empires include their use of terror tactics, such as deporting conquered enemies as servants and slaves. However, the Neo-Babylonian Empire diverged in its emphasis on trade, building roads and canals to encourage long-distance commerce, even with nations like Egypt, with whom they were at times at war. Both civilizations were part of the Mesopotamian cultural and social milieu, with hierarchical social structures, with classes that included the nobility, professionals, peasants, and enslaved individuals.
The Assyrian Empire was a dominant force in the Near East until around 600 BCE, when pressures from the Medes, Babylonians, and civil strife led to its fall. In their time, the Assyrians were known not only for their military might but also for their support of learning and scholarship, as seen in the formation of the library of Asshurbanipal, which held texts from across the Middle East. Despite the eventual destruction of the Assyrian Empire, it set the stage for the Persian Empire to emerge as a superpower, extending the tradition of strong military force and efficient imperial administration.