Final answer:
During mitosis in diploid parent cells, the chromosomes are replicated to form sister chromatids, which are then separated into two genetically identical daughter cells following a series of stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase with cytokinesis.
Step-by-step explanation:
Mitosis is a fundamental process in which a diploid parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells. In mitosis, chromosomes in the diploid parent cells are replicated during interphase, before mitosis begins. This means each chromosome is copied to form two sister chromatids, which are later separated during the mitotic phase. Specifically, during prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible. Then, in metaphase, the chromosomes line up at the cell's equator. As the cell moves into anaphase, the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers to opposite poles of the cell. Finally, during telophase and cytokinesis, the cell splits into two, completing the process.
It is important to note that while the information provided talks about meiosis, which involves two cellular divisions leading to four haploid daughter cells, mitosis involves only one cellular division and results in two diploid daughter cells. Therefore, regarding the student's options, the final answer is that the chromosomes are replicated (option b) during mitosis in a diploid parent cell.