Final answer:
The comparison between the individual and principles in philosophy analyzes ethical frameworks like Rawls' Justice as Fairness and Ross' moral pluralism, balancing personal liberty and social duty.
Step-by-step explanation:
The debate surrounding the concept of the individual versus the concept of principles in philosophy revolves around defining a framework for ethical decision-making in complex societal structures. The student's question intricately involves theories of justice, liberty, and moral decision-making. Philosophers like Rawls and Ross have presented principles that govern social and personal ethical considerations.
Rawls introduced a two-fold approach to justice: maximizing liberty and minimizing inequalities. He suggested that any inequalities should enhance the position of the least advantaged in society. This conception is known as the Difference Principle.
Ross, on the other hand, argued for moral pluralism, emphasizing competing duties and prima facie duties. He critiqued single principle theories, such as utilitarianism and deontology, for their inability to capture the nuanced nature of moral experiences.
The student's critique could assess how these philosophical principles address individualism and collective welfare, considering the balance between personal freedoms and social responsibilities. A critique might also explore how principles can be universally applicable or fall short in addressing specific moral dilemmas involving individuals.