Final answer:
The Great Migration of African Americans in the 1920s was influenced by push factors such as discrimination and disenfranchising laws, and pull factors like more tolerant communities and job opportunities in factories of the North.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Great Migration was influenced by both push and pull factors. Specifically, the details that correspond to push factors are rampant discrimination both economically and socially (option b), and poll taxes, literacy tests, and other disenfranchising laws (option c). On the other hand, the details representing pull factors are the North having more tolerant communities (option a), and the opportunity for steady income by working in factories (option d).
African Americans were pushed from the South by the harsh racial segregation, violent racism, and economic disadvantages, epitomized by discriminatory practices like poll taxes and literacy tests. Conversely, they were pulled toward the North by the prospect of better jobs, higher wages, improved educational opportunities, and personal freedoms. The relative absence of legally enforced segregation and the availability of industrial work in the North acted as significant draws during this period.
Despite encountering de facto segregation and ongoing discrimination in the North, African Americans were motivated by the chances for economic stability and more liberated social conditions, driving the historic population shift.