Final answer:
The argument in "Federalist No. 45" can be characterized as identifying a common goal of national unity and arguing for a strong centralized government as the best means to achieve it, while reassuring against tyranny by pointing out the checks and balances of the proposed government structure.
Step-by-step explanation:
The argument in the excerpt from "Federalist No. 45" is structured it identifies a common goal and argues for the best way to reach it. In the Federalist Papers, the authors focused on justifying the necessity of a strong central government and dispelling fears of potential tyranny due to the built-in system of checks and balances. By outlining the merits and protective structures of the proposed government, they aimed to convince readers that this was the best route to ensure America's sovereignty and internal stability.
The essays did not simply provide historical accounts or acknowledge and rebut each counterargument individually; instead, they developed a case for why their vision for America's federal structure would serve the public interest, counteracting the risks of factionalism and power abuses. The Federalists, including Madison, Hamilton, and Jay, highlighted the need for unity against external threats and internal dissensions, and reassured the public that the new government's design was inherently balanced and federally minded.