Final answer:
The temperature of ice in direct sunlight will rise until it hits 0 °C, then remain constant as the ice melts. The complete melting time varies based on multiple factors. Shielding and unshielding a thermometer in sunlight shows temperature variations due to direct heat exposure.
Step-by-step explanation:
When conducting an experiment to observe the temperature change of a bowl of ice placed in direct sunlight, you will notice a specific pattern. Starting with the ice at a temperature below freezing, such as -12.0 °C, the temperature will rise as the ice absorbs heat. Once it reaches 0 °C, the ice will begin to melt, during which the temperature will remain constant, even as it continues to absorb heat. The melting process is due to the ice undergoing a phase change from solid to liquid, which requires heat absorption without a change in temperature. Once all the ice has melted, any further heat absorption will raise the temperature of the water.
The time it will take for the ice to melt completely is dependent on variables such as the initial mass of the ice, the intensity of the sunlight, and environmental factors like air temperature. The experiment discussed here indicates that, after 10 minutes, the ice warmed up to 0 °C, and it remained at that temperature even after 30 more minutes as it melted.
To perform a similar experiment, you could measure the temperature of the ice every 5 minutes and note the changes. The Take-Home Experiment: Temperature in the Sun demonstrates that the temperature difference can be observed by using a thermometer shielded from direct sunlight versus one exposed to it. This experiment illustrates the effect of direct sunlight on the heating of objects and substances.