Final answer:
Neoclassicism favored classical restraint and depicted heroic figures with sharp lines, while Romanticism emphasized emotion and nature with a focus on individual imagination. A.Barye, known for his Romantic style sculptures, captured the essence of the Romantic period through his dynamic and emotive animal representations.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Neoclassical and Romantic periods were significant movements in the history of art that developed as a response to previous art styles and the sociopolitical climate of the times. Neoclassicism emerged following the excesses of the Rococo and Baroque periods, favoring the classical restraint and forms of ancient Greece and Rome. Famous for its sharp lines and idealized forms, it depicted heroes and moral themes. Jacques-Louis David is a prominent name associated with this period. Artworks like Napoleon Crossing the Alps epitomize the heroic and moral narrative of this style.
On the other hand, Romanticism arose as a reaction to the rigidity of Neoclassicism, emphasizing emotion, individualism, and nature. It favored spontaneous techniques and vibrant brushwork. Artists such as Eugène Delacroix captured dynamic scenes and were less concerned with the perfect form, choosing to express the intensity of the human experience instead.
Regarding the artist A.Barye, Antoine-Louis Barye is known for his Romantic style sculptures, particularly of animals that conveyed a sense of vitality and emotion. His work did not conform to the Neoclassical ideals but was indeed part of the Romantic emphasis on nature and expression.