Final answer:
In ferns, the sporophyte generation is dominant and produces spores that develop into gametophytes. In mosses, the gametophyte stage is the longest part of the life cycle and produces spores that develop into sporophytes.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the life cycle of a fern, the sporophyte generation is dominant. A mature sporophyte fern produces clusters of sporangia on the undersides of its leafy fronds. These sporangia produce spores that develop into heart-shaped gametophytes, which have antheridia (produce sperm) and archegonia (produce eggs). Fertilization occurs when sperm swim to an egg inside an archegonium, resulting in the development of a new sporophyte plant.
Mosses reproduce through the formation of spores as well. In the life cycle of nonvascular seedless plants like moss, the gametophyte stage is the longest part of the cycle. Male gametophytes produce flagellated sperm that swim to the female gametophyte, where fertilization occurs. The resulting sporophyte is dependent on the gametophyte and produces spores that develop into new gametophytes.