Final answer:
Planning and organizing are the two management functions referred to as twins because they are closely linked; effective organizing cannot happen without sound planning. Leading and controlling are important but are not labeled as twins in management functions. b.leading
Explanation:
Management Functions Referred to as Twins
Within the field of business management, the two functions commonly referred to as 'twins' are planning and organizing. These functions are considered inseparable as effective organizing relies heavily on sound planning. Planning involves setting objectives and determining the best course of action to achieve these goals. Once a plan is in place, organizing serves to arrange resources and tasks to implement the plan effectively. This organized structure makes the execution of the plan feasible and coherent.
Leading and controlling, while crucial to management, are not typically labeled as twins. Leading involves guiding and inspiring employees to work effectively towards the organization's objectives. On the other hand, controlling revolves around monitoring the organization's performance and making necessary adjustments to stay aligned with the set goals. These management functions aid in steering the organization strategically but do not possess the intertwined nature of planning and organizing.