Final answer:
Psychological empowerment includes self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and autonomy. These elements contribute to an individual's sense of control and ability to engage effectively in tasks and environments. Self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation fosters confidence and personal drive towards achievements.
Step-by-step explanation:
Psychological empowerment is a multifaceted concept that encompasses several characteristics crucial for individuals to feel a sense of control and influence in their work and personal lives. The characteristics of psychological empowerment include the following elements:
- Self-efficacy: This is an individual's belief in their own ability to successfully accomplish tasks and goals. It involves confidence in one's own competence and is a central component of empowerment.
- Intrinsic motivation: This refers to internal drives such as personal satisfaction, interest, or enjoyment of the task itself, rather than external rewards like money or status.
- Autonomy: The degree of control or self-determination one has over their work or actions. This sense of autonomy is associated with high levels of job satisfaction.
Bandura's theory highlighted the role of self-efficacy in achieving goals and overcoming challenges. The concept of autonomy, relatedness, and competence as proposed by Niemiec and Ryan strengthens the idea that empowerment involves a deep connection with one's actions and the environment they're in. Moreover, individuals are more likely to feel empowered when they have a clear understanding of their abilities, known as self-efficacy, and when they engage in tasks that are aligned with their intrinsic motivation.
Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development
In relation to empowerment, Erikson's theory suggests that developing autonomy and feeling competent are critical tasks in adolescence.