Final answer:
The correct terms for a covalent bond between atoms with identical electronegativities is nonpolar, while molecules with an overall dipole moment are referred to as polar, making the answer c) Nonpolar; Polar.
Step-by-step explanation:
The covalent bond between atoms of identical electronegativities is referred to as a nonpolar bond. This is due to the equal sharing of electrons between the atoms, resulting in no permanent dipole moment within the molecule. On the other hand, molecules with an overall dipole moment, where the electrons are shared unequally, are referred to as polar molecules.
This difference in electron sharing occurs because the atoms involved have different electronegativities. In chemistry, when the electronegativity difference between bonding atoms is small or zero, the bond is considered nonpolar covalent.
However, for greater electronegativity differences (but not large enough to yield ionic bonds), the bond is polar covalent and the molecules are polar. Examples of nonpolar molecules include diatomic nitrogen (N₂) or oxygen (O₂), while water (H₂O) is a classic example of a polar molecule due to the electronegativity differences between hydrogen and oxygen.
Based on this understanding, the correct option is c) Nonpolar; Polar.