Final answer:
The Pendleton Act established a merit-based system for federal employment, while the Hatch Act restricted government employees from political campaigning, together curbing patronage and politicization of civil service.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 and the Hatch Act of 1939 collectively worked to reduce political influence over federal employment. The Pendleton Act laid the foundation for a federal merit system that replaced the spoils system, ensuring that government jobs were filled based on qualifications rather than political affiliation. This act established the Civil Service Commission, which was responsible for administering exams and upholding merit-based hiring. Meanwhile, the Hatch Act further distanced federal employees from politics by prohibiting them from actively participating in political campaigns and using their government authority to influence elections. These reforms were critical for curbing the previously common practice of rewarding supporters with government positions, leading to a more professional and politically neutral federal workforce.