Final answer:
Patrick will face a 20% penalty of $400 for using his HSA funds for a non-qualified expense such as a car down payment. Option number C is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Patrick will incur a penalty for using his health savings account (HSA) funds for a non-qualified expense. HSA funds are intended for qualifying medical expenses, and using them for other purposes, such as making a down payment on a car, will result in taxation on the distribution as well as a potential penalty.
In 2022, the IRS imposes a 20% penalty for non-medical withdrawals for individuals under age 65. Therefore, on a $2,000 non-qualified distribution, Patrick would face a penalty of $400 ($2,000 x 20%).