Final answer:
During plant cell cytokinesis, the cell plate forms from the fusion of Golgi vesicles at the metaphase plate, which becomes the site of division, leading to the formation of new cell walls for the daughter cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
During plant cell cytokinesis, a specialized structure known as the cell plate forms to divide the cytoplasm into two separate daughter cells. This cell plate originates from networks of microtubules that organize around the future division plane, which is the area where division will occur. The cell plate is created from the fusion of Golgi vesicles, leading to the construction of a temporary structure called a phragmoplast. This structure is critical as it facilitates the expansion of the cell plate at the site of division, which occurs at the former metaphase plate.
In contrast to animal cells, which use actin microfilaments to form a cleavage furrow during cytokinesis, plant cells lack centrioles and instead rely on the phragmoplast to direct the assembly of the new cell walls that will separate the daughter cells. The complete development of the cell plates into new plasma membranes and cell walls is essential for the final partitioning of the parent cell into two independent daughter cells.