Final answer:
A deviant behavior is considered a disorder when it is both distressing and dysfunctional, following the DSM standards for diagnosing mental health conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Distressing and dysfunctional:
For a deviant behavior to be considered a disorder, it must also be distressing and dysfunctional. This criterion aligns with the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) standards used for diagnosing mental health conditions, including personality disorders. It reflects the position that for a behavior or pattern of behavior to be clinically significant, it should cause significant distress to the individual or impair their ability to function in one or more major areas of life.
Personality disorders, for example, are characterized by enduring, inflexible patterns of behavior that depart from the norms of society and lead to distress or impairment. Additionally, it's important to note that deviance is relative and may depend on cultural contexts or the specifics of a situation, recognized by concepts such as cultural concepts of distress (CCD).