Final answer:
The management function that ensures activities align with plans is 'controlling.' This function involves constant monitoring and adjusting to maintain organizational effectiveness, necessary regardless of whether a management style aligns with Theory X or Theory Y approaches.
Step-by-step explanation:
The management function that ensures organizational activities are going as planned is controlling. Controlling involves monitoring the organization's progress and executing necessary adjustments to align with the set objectives and plans. It plays a critical role in identifying areas where the performance may deviate from standards and allows managers to take corrective actions to address such issues.
In the context of Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y, a Theory X manager might heavily focus on controlling, as they tend to believe employees require constant oversight and direct management to achieve organizational goals. Theory X managers are likely to employ strict control mechanisms to monitor and evaluate employee performance closely.
Contrastingly, in organizations with a Theory Y approach, control functions might be more collaborative and inclusive, promoting employee engagement and self-regulation. Regardless of the management style, controlling is essential to ensure that all aspects of the organization are in sync and achieving desired outcomes.