Question

The intensional fallacy is:

(complete the sentence in a way in which it would make it true)

a.a valid inference that is however unpersuasive because the premises are about someone's beliefs/concepts/ideas to which an outside observer has no access

b.an invalid inference where the Leibniz's law is false

c.an invalid inference where a conclusion about X is invalidly derived from premises about beliefs/concepts/ideas about X

d.the fallacy of basing an assessmen

Answer 1

The intensional fallacy occurs when an invalid conclusion about a subject is derived from what people think or believe about it, without reliable premises to guarantee the truth of the conclusion.

Step-by-step explanation:

The intensional fallacy is an invalid inference where a conclusion about X is invalidly derived from premises about beliefs/concepts/ideas about X. It occurs when one improperly draws a factual conclusion based solely on what people think or believe about a subject.

An invalid inference does not ensure the truth of the conclusion even if all premises are true, leading to a potential disconnect between the premises and conclusion. The fallacies of weak induction are a category of errors where the reasons are too weak to firmly support a conclusion, much like how intensional fallacy does not reliably support the truth of the conclusion with the given premises. Proper deductive reasoning, on the other hand, requires that the truth of the premises guarantees the truth of the conclusion, which is not the case with the intensional fallacy.