Final answer:
To style hypertext links as block elements with a gray background, apply a CSS rule to anchor tags in the list inside the navigation element, using display: block and background-color: gray with the provided border, font, and padding styles.
Step-by-step explanation:
To display all hypertext links within a navigation list as block elements with a gray background, you can define a CSS style rule targeted at <a> tags within the list. Assuming the navigation is in a <nav> element, containing an unordered list (<ul>), the style rule would be:
nav ul li a {
display: block;
background-color: gray;
border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
vertical-align: middle;
font-size: 1em;
padding: 5px 5px 10px;
}
This CSS will ensure that every anchor tag (<a>) within the list items (<li>) of the navigation is displayed as a block, with a gray background, and incorporates the provided styles for border, vertical alignment, font size, and padding.