Final answer:
HIV destroys CD4+ T cells, weakening the immune system and increasing susceptibility to opportunistic infections. Monitoring CD4+ T cell counts is critical for treatment management.
Step-by-step explanation:
HIV selectively destroys CD4 cells, specifically CD4+ helper T cells, which play a crucial role in the immune response by aiding in the production of antibodies and activating other immune cells. As the virus depletes CD4+ T cell numbers, the immune system's ability to fend off infections is weakened, leaving an individual with AIDS highly susceptible to opportunistic infections.
These infections are typically rare but can become life-threatening due to the compromised immune system. Monitoring CD4+ T cell counts through flow cytometry is essential for managing treatment and preventing the decline of the immune response. While there is currently no cure for HIV/AIDS, antiretroviral drugs can control the progression of the virus and significantly extend the lives of those infected.