Final answer:
Proteins induced along with galactoside permease in E. coli are β-galactosidase and thiogalactoside transacetylase, as part of the lac operon's response to lactose being the main carbon source when glucose is absent.
Step-by-step explanation:
In E. coli, the proteins that are induced along with galactoside permease when lactose is present as the sole carbon source are β-galactosidase and thiogalactoside transacetylase. These proteins are part of the lac operon, which also includes the repressor protein, encoded by the regulatory gene lacI. The presence of lactose (or allolactose, a derivative) in the cell serves as an inducer for the lac operon, preventing the repressor from binding to the operator and thus allowing transcription of the operon's genes.
When glucose is not present and lactose is available, this transcription leads to the production of the necessary enzymes for lactose metabolism. When lactose is present and glucose is absent, the lac operon is activated, and all three proteins (galactoside permease, thiogalactoside transacetylase, and lac repressor) are induced to facilitate lactose utilization.