Final answer:
To evaluate an argument by analogy, identify the two instances being compared, assess the relevant similarities, consider diversity among cases, examine the conclusion, and finally, determine if the argument is strong or weak based on these factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Evaluating arguments by analogy requires a structured approach. Firstly, in any analogy, two instances are being compared which, in the context of education, could be two theoretical concepts, historical events, or scientific processes. Secondly, one must consider the relevant similarities that are cited to support the comparison. It's important to acknowledge whether diversity among multiple cases might affect the strength of the analogy, as considerable variation can weaken the connection. Thirdly, the conclusion drawn from these comparisons needs to be assessed; this is the point that the analogy is aimed at substantiating.
Last, but not least, assess whether the argument is strong or weak; a strong argument by analogy will have closely related instances, strong comparative similarities, and minimal counterexamples. When weaknesses or exceptions to the premises are present, they should be critically examined to understand if the analogy holds up.