Question

what are the goals of the termination phase of the cellular processes that make polymers (replication, transcription, translation) (generally speaking, not for one of these processes in particular)?

Answer 1

The termination phase of cellular processes, including replication, transcription, and translation, have different goals. Replication termination separates and releases the replicated DNA strands, transcription termination releases the mRNA from the DNA template, and translation termination releases the polypeptide chain from the ribosome.

Step-by-step explanation:

The termination phase of cellular processes involved in replication, transcription, and translation have different goals.

1. Replication termination: The goal of replication termination is to separate the newly synthesized DNA strands and release the replicated DNA molecules, ensuring accurate duplication of the genetic material.
2. Transcription termination: The goal of transcription termination is to release the newly made mRNA from the DNA template and the RNA polymerase. In prokaryotes, termination signals, either protein-based or RNA-based, cause RNA polymerase to stall and disconnect from the DNA template.
3. Translation termination: The goal of translation termination is to correctly release the synthesized polypeptide chain from the ribosome. This occurs when a stop codon aligns with the A site, signaling release factors to release the polypeptide from the ribosome.