Final answer:
Martin used the representativeness heuristic to hire Ann since she reminded him of a successful former associate, which is a cognitive shortcut that can lead to biased or incorrect judgments. Option number C is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
Martin decided to hire Ann for the associate's position because she reminded him of a former associate who had excelled in the position. This decision-making process suggests he has used the representativeness heuristic, which is a cognitive bias where a person judges the likelihood of an event based on how much it resembles other situations or a prototype.
Martin's heuristic implies that because Ann reminds him of a previous successful associate, she too will be successful. However, this heuristic can often overlook other relevant information and can lead to incorrect judgments.