Final answer:
The OSI - Open System Interconnection model is the reference model used to describe computer communication services and protocols. It includes seven layers, each with a distinct role in the process of networking and communication.
Step-by-step explanation:
The reference model used to describe computer communication services and protocols using layered principles is the OSI - Open System Interconnection model. The OSI model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers. This model allows different communication systems to communicate using standardized protocols.
The OSI Model consists of the following layers:
- Physical Layer
- Data Link Layer
- Network Layer
- Transport Layer
- Session Layer
- Presentation Layer
- Application Layer
Each layer serves a specific purpose and communicates with the layers directly above and below it to facilitate the transfer of data from one device to another. Understanding the OSI model is essential for anyone in the field of network engineering, cybersecurity, or any field that requires knowledge of network communication protocols.