Final answer:
The balance of power between Congress and the president has shifted back and forth, initially favoring Congress but evolving over time to enhance presidential powers, influenced by factors like war, technological advancements, and political polarization.
Step-by-step explanation:
The balance of power between Congress and the president has shifted over time. Initially, Congress was the predominant branch of the U.S. government. However, over time, various factors have contributed to increasing presidential power. The complexity of the nation required more regulatory actions, which the executive could more efficiently handle, leading Congress to delegate certain powers to the president. Technological advancements expanded presidential reach, and in times of war, presidential powers have naturally expanded, as evidenced by historical figures like Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War.
Polarization in Congress during the late 20th century and early 21st century also reinforced presidential authority. Moderates were pushed out, leaving more ideologically driven legislators less willing to compromise. During times of divided government, when opposite parties control Congress and the presidency, presidents have found their agendas more challenged.
Nonetheless, the executive branch has managed to assert itself in domestic and foreign affairs.Strategic actions by presidents have been employed to boost their influence, albeit success is largely dependent on the political makeup of Congress.