Final answer:
The statement that an optimistic approach to database management assumes most operations do not conflict is true. Similarly, in social choice theory, majority rule can indeed fail to provide a single preferred outcome when more than two options are present.
Step-by-step explanation:
An optimistic approach to database operations is indeed based on the premise that the majority of the database operations do not conflict. This means that when managing transactions in a concurrent environment, it is assumed that most transactions can complete without interfering with each other, thus needing no significant management for potential conflicts. The answer to the question you asked is true.
The concept related to database operations is also parallel to a broader question in decision-making and social choice theory: can majority rule fail to produce a single preferred outcome when more than two choices are available? The answer to this question is also true. In such situations, the presence of multiple options can lead to a circular preference order where no single option is a winner by majority preference, a scenario known as the Condorcet paradox.