Question

Which of the following is a true statement concerning horizontal gene transfer?

A. Horizontal gene transfer is known to occur within both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
B. Horizontal gene transfer occurs only in certain prokaryotes.
C. Horizontal gene transfer is a hypothetical means of transferring genes between organisms for which evidence has been observed only in laboratory animals.
D. There is evidence that horizontal gene transfer has occurred rarely in the evolutionary history of life.
E. Horizontal gene transfer has only negative consequences for a lineage.

Answer 1

The true statement about horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is that it occurs in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and is significant in promoting genetic diversity which is crucial for evolutionary processes.

Step-by-step explanation:

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the process by which genetic material is passed across species lines, differing from traditional inheritance. While primarily observed in prokaryotes, where it contributes significantly to genetic diversity through mechanisms such as transformation, transduction, and conjugation, HGT does occur in eukaryotes as well, albeit less frequently. This genetic exchange has played a crucial role in evolution, including the development of eukaryotic cells through potential genome fusion events between symbiotic organisms.

Regarding the true statement about HGT: A. Horizontal gene transfer is known to occur within both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. is correct. Despite being more prevalent in prokaryotes, HGT is not exclusive to them and occurs in eukaryotes, contributing to genetic variation. This process can lead to positive evolutionary outcomes, as it increases genetic diversity, important for the adaptation and survival of species.