Final answer:
NDM-1 is a gene that provides bacteria with resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, typically found on plasmids that can be shared among bacteria, contributing to the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Step-by-step explanation:
NDM-1 is a gene that gives bacterial cells the ability to resist beta-lactam antibiotics. This gene is often located on plasmids, which are extra-chromosomal genetic elements that can be exchanged between bacteria through processes like conjugation. Plasmids can carry multiple resistance genes, allowing bacteria to develop resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, thereby posing a significant challenge to public health.
The presence of NDM-1 has been particularly concerning in the context of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which can be resistant to all ß-lactams, including penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems. This resistance is problematic as it limits the options for treating bacterial infections, necessitating the ongoing development of new antibiotics and treatment strategies.