Final answer:
A test of the reasonableness of a field of data, using a predetermined upper and/or lower limit is called a validity test, which is essential for evaluating whether the data fall within acceptable ranges.
Step-by-step explanation:
The test of the reasonableness of a field of data, using a predetermined upper and/or lower limit is called a validity test. A validity test is used to evaluate if the data values fall within the set constraints that determine their acceptability. This type of test can be particularly useful when ensuring that data is clean, accurate, and within reasonable parameters before further analysis.
In the context of hypothesis testing, such as the chi-square goodness-of-fit test, validity tests help assess whether the data set fits a specific distribution, which is crucial in determining the fairness of, for example, a six-sided die. If a validity test is conducted and the data exceed the predetermined limits, the data may be flagged as invalid or out of range, prompting further investigation.
Validity tests are a fundamental aspect of data quality control and can often be automated to ensure that all data meets specified criteria. They are also important in scientific research where accurate data is imperative for reliable results.