Final answer:
Maternal or family responsibilities discrimination refers to the bias against women with children in employment. It's part of wider employment discrimination issues such as race, gender, and disability. Public policies like equal pay for equal work and equitable education aim to reduce this discrimination.
Step-by-step explanation:
the correct option : D
The discrimination that employers show toward women with children compared to other women and men as actual or potential employees is often referred to as maternal discrimination or family responsibilities discrimination. This type of discrimination falls under the broader category of employment discrimination, which includes disparate treatment based on race, ethnicity, gender, and disability status.In the labor market, such discrimination manifests through differences in hiring, pay, and job opportunities, despite having similar educational and professional qualifications.
For instance, studies have shown that resumes with white-sounding names receive more callbacks than those with African-American names, and women, especially those with family responsibilities, may face lower chances of receiving job offers, particularly in higher-paying positions. Moreover, experiments revealed that disclosing a disability status can dramatically reduce the likelihood of getting a callback.Public policies designed to mitigate employment discrimination include those that require equal pay for equal work, as well as initiatives aimed at achieving more equitable educational outcomes among different demographic groups.