Final answer:
When using sampling without replacement, each participant's probability of being selected changes each time one is chosen because they are not returned to the population for the next pick, making the events dependent.
Step-by-step explanation:
When using sampling without replacement, the probability of being selected for participation changes with each selection of a participant. This is because once a member of the population is chosen, they are not returned to the population before the next selection, making the events dependent on one another. For instance, if you were to select a random student from a list of all high school students for a survey, once that student is chosen, they cannot be selected again, which affects the probability for subsequent selections.
Examples of different types of sampling methods include simple random sampling, where each member of the population has an equal chance of being chosen at any time, and systematic sampling, like when every 50th student from a list is chosen. Cluster sampling is when groups are randomly chosen, whereas stratified sampling involves dividing the population into subgroups and sampling from each subgroup. Convenience sampling is a non-probabilistic approach where participants are selected based on ease of access rather than randomly.
Probability sampling is a broader term that includes any sampling technique that has a known and non-zero chance of selecting each member of the population. When the question wording or survey method affects responses, it's known as question wording effects. Techniques such as random digit dialing are used to generate random telephone numbers for survey participation.