Final answer:
To exclude fields in the $project stage, set their values to 0.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the $project stage of the MongoDB aggregation pipeline, you can exclude fields by setting their values to 0. Here is an example:
{ $project: { fieldName1: 0, fieldName2: 0 } }
This will exclude fieldName1 and fieldName2 from the output documents. You can specify multiple fields to exclude by listing them separated by commas.