Final answer:
Acids and bases are chemical compounds that have different properties and can be distinguished by the ions they produce when dissolved in water. Acids produce hydrogen ions (H+), while bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-). The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance, and a neutralization reaction occurs when acids and bases react with each other.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acids and bases are chemical compounds that are commonly found in many everyday items, such as fruit juices, soft drinks, and soap. Acids are substances that produce hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, while bases produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water. These ions play a key role in the distinguishing characteristics of acids and bases.
The pH scale is used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance. Acids have a pH value less than 7, while bases have a pH value greater than 7. A neutral substance, like water, has a pH of 7.
When acids and bases react with each other, a neutralization reaction occurs. This reaction involves the combination of hydrogen ions from the acid and hydroxide ions from the base to form water and a salt. For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), water (H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl) are produced.