Final answer:
The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance is thermal energy, which is kinetic energy due to the random movement of atoms and molecules, and determines the object's temperature. so, option 1 is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance is called thermal energy. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy that comes from the random motion of atoms and molecules within a substance. The average kinetic energy of these particles determines the substance's temperature. Faster moving particles mean higher kinetic energy, which typically results in a higher temperature of the substance. Temperature itself is a measure of how "hot" or "cold" an object is and reflects the average kinetic energy of the particles. When we talk about the transfer of thermal energy between objects with different temperatures, we refer to this process as heat. It's important to note that temperature is a measure, and heat is the transfer of energy, while thermal energy is the energy present due to particle motion.
The energy associated with the motion of particles in a substance is called thermal energy. Thermal energy is the average kinetic energy of the particles (molecules or atoms) in a substance. Faster moving particles have greater kinetic energies, resulting in higher thermal energy and temperature for the substance.