Final answer:
The setting of one note per syllable in musical composition is called 'syllabic'.
Step-by-step explanation:
The setting of one note per syllable in musical composition is called syllabic. This contrasts with other types such as melismatic, where a single syllable may be stretched over several notes, and neumatic, which features a few notes per syllable. The term word-painting refers to the musical technique of composing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song's lyrics. In the context of poetry and music, setting lyrics to music in a syllabic manner can impact the rhythm and meter of the composition, contributing to its overall effect and how it is received by the listener.