Final answer:
Cajetan condemned teachings that contradicted the Catholic Church's stance on the necessity of contrition and the theological justification for indulgences, which were prominent issues during the Protestant Reformation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Cajetan, a prominent theologian of the Catholic Church, particularly condemned teachings that contradicted the Church's views on indulgences and penance. In Thesis 35 of Martin Luther's Ninety-five Theses, it is stated that those who teach that contrition is not necessary for those who buy souls out of purgatory or confessional privileges are preaching an unchristian doctrine. This belief, which Cajetan would have likely found objectionable, was part of the larger criticism of the Catholic Church's sale of indulgences, which was a major contention during the Protestant Reformation.
The critiques of the Catholic Church during this era took many forms, ranging from the harsh condemnation of indulgences to more philosophical disputes over the role and influence of the Church in society, as seen in the Enlightenment thought, which favored rationality over religious dogma. The case of Bartolomé de las Casas can also be mentioned as another form of critique against the Catholic Church, where he argued against the encomienda system and its brutal treatment of Native Americans, challenging the Church's complicity in colonial abuses.