Final answer:
The first major indicator of a person's general physiological state is their vital signs, including blood pressure, which is usually measured at the brachial artery in the upper arm. Other vital signs are body temperature, heart rate, and breathing rate, which can signal potential health issues when deviating from normal ranges.
Step-by-step explanation:
The first major indicator of a person's general physiological state is often their vital signs, which are used to measure the body's basic functions. Among these, blood pressure is commonly measured and provides significant medical indicators. It is most frequently measured at the brachial artery in the upper arm using a device known as a sphygmomanometer. Other vital signs include body temperature, heart rate, and breathing rate. Changes in these measurements, such as a higher body temperature or altered heart rate, can be indicative of disease or the body's adjustment to various conditions. Additionally, devices like a pulse oximeter can provide information on oxygen levels in the blood, indicating a person's metabolic rate and potential medical issues.