Final answer:
Astigmatism is a condition caused by an uneven curvature of the cornea, resulting in distorted vision that can be corrected using cylindrical lenses.
Step-by-step explanation:
The condition that results from an uneven curvature of the cornea is known as astigmatism. This vision defect is characterized by an asymmetry in the focus of the eye, where rays passing through different parts of the cornea do not focus at the same point, leading to a distorted image. The cornea's irregular shape, with differing curvature in various meridians, is the primary cause of astigmatism. This can be corrected using lenses with a cylindrical correction to counterbalance the eye's irregularities.