Question

In which nonspecific body defense do blood vessels dilate, bringing more blood to the area, which in turn brings phagocytic white blood cells to the area to attack the pathogen, proteins to replace injured tissues, and clotting factors to stop any bleeding?

1) Inflammation
2) Antibody production
3) Cell-mediated immunity
4) Humoral immunity

Answer 1

Inflammation is the nonspecific body defense involving blood vessel dilation and the recruitment of phagocytic white blood cells to attack pathogens and initiate healing.

Step-by-step explanation:

Inflammation is a vital nonspecific defense mechanism employed by the body, representing a key aspect of the innate immune system. This dynamic response involves the dilation of blood vessels, facilitating increased blood flow to the affected site. The heightened blood flow delivers essential components of the immune system, including phagocytic white blood cells (leukocytes), proteins necessary for tissue repair, and clotting factors.

Phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils and macrophages, play a crucial role in the inflammatory response. They migrate to the site of infection or injury, engaging in phagocytosis to engulf and eliminate pathogens. The increased permeability of blood vessels aids in the recruitment of immune cells, ensuring a robust defense against invading microorganisms. Additionally, inflammation sets the stage for tissue repair and recovery after injury, demonstrating the multifaceted and protective nature of this innate immune mechanism.