Final answer:
Memory B cells are produced by B cells and are responsible for triggering a strong immune response upon future exposures to the same antigen, which forms the basis of immunological memory such as what is established through vaccination.
Step-by-step explanation:
The memory cells that trigger a strong response to future exposures to the same antigen are produced by B cells. When B cells are activated by an antigen, they undergo a process called clonal expansion, during which they divide into plasma cells and memory B cells. The plasma cells produce antibodies to fight off the invaders immediately, while the memory B cells remain in the body after the immune response has ended.
Memory B cells essentially 'remember' the antigen they were exposed to, enabling the immune system to launch a much faster and stronger response upon future encounters with the same pathogen. This is the biological basis for vaccination, where the immune system is exposed to a safe form of an antigen to produce antibodies and memory cells without triggering the actual disease, leading to protection against future infections.