Final answer:
Each human toe typically contains three phalanges (except for the big toe which has two) named the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges. The big toe's phalanges are simply called the proximal and distal phalanges.
Step-by-step explanation:
Phalanges in the Human Toes
The human toes consist of 14 phalangeal bones, known as phalanges. These are the bones that make up our toes, similar to how phalanges in the fingers determine our finger structure. Each toe typically has three phalanges named the proximal, middle, and distal phalanges, save for the big toe, which contains only the proximal and distal phalanges. The joints found between these phalanges are known as interphalangeal joints. When discussing variations in other species, it's noted that horse's metacarpals and metatarsals are oriented vertically, which is in contrast to the human foot structure where the metatarsals form the arch and sole of the foot.